Melanotan 2 information

Melanotan 2 information

Melanotan II is a cosmetic sunless tanning product that stimulates melanin production. Melanin is the main determinant of skin color in humans, a brown pigment which causes skin to become darker in appearance, instead of red when exposed to UV rays. Melanotan II users develop a gradual, natural looking tan with minimal exposure to the sun. It is particularly useful for fair-skinned individuals who find that they cannot tan naturally in the sun.

Melanotan 2 peptide is not a treatment or cure for any disease, nor should it be used with the aim of preventing skin cancer. While melanin is known to have excellent photo protective properties, no clinical studies have ever indicated the efficiency of Melanotan II specifically in reducing UV damage.


It is estimated that more than 90% of Melanotan users are familiar with the injectable Melanotan II. Melanotan I is usually only preferred by a small amount of long-term users who feel that Melanotan II makes them too dark, nauseated, and/or those who find the aphrodisiac side effect of Melanotan II to be a nuisance. These problems can be avoided by taking Melanotan II in lower dosages, administering before bed and using sunscreen and clothing to control tanning.

Since Melanotan I has a large body of clinical evidence supporting its safety and efficacy, new users in particular often feel that it would be the better and safer option for usage. Unfortunately this is not the case when it comes to skin darkening and most new users who choose Melanotan I find themselves very disappointed at lack of tanning results since Melanotan I is not intended to be used for this purpose. To achieve similar cosmetic tanning results as seen with Melanotan II, a dose of 10x more per injection is required. Melanotan I is more expensive for tanning.
Melanotan II Storage

In ****** (lyophilized) form vials should be stored at refrigerator temperature (2-8 degrees Celsius) where they will remain stable for up to 12 months. Reconstituted (mixed) vials should also be stored in the refrigerator, but use within 8 weeks or they may begin to degrade. They will still be safe to use after this time, but they may not be as effective as new vials.
When to take Melanotan II

The frequency of Melanotan II injections will depend largely on your skin type to begin with, therefore you should identify with which Fitzpatrick skin type you are

Type 1: Pale skin, many freckles, blue/green eyes, red hair, never tans, always burns
Type 2: Fair skin, few freckles, blue/hazel eyes, blonde/sandy hair, tans poorly, usually burns
Type 3: Darker white skin, brown hair/eyes, usually tans, rarely burns
Type 4: Light brown skin, darker brown hair/eyes, tans easily, burns minimally
Sunless Tanning

Loading: Take your Melanotan II dose 1 time per day and continue with daily injections until you are happy with the color of your tan.
Maintenance: To maintain your desired tan, inject your Melanotan II dose just 2-3 times per week Cessation: You can continue the maintenance dosing indefinitely; however, if you choose to stop your Melanotan II injections, your tan will fade back to its pre-Melanotan II shade in 1-2 months.

Assuming the right amount of UV exposure (sun or sun bed) is combined with your Melanotan II usage, then the amount of time it takes to achieve your desired tan (i.e. the loading phase) will usually take 4-8 weeks for skin types 1 and 2 and as little as 2-3 weeks for skin types 3 and 4.

Melanotan II and UV Exposure
The tanning activity of Melanotan II without the need for UV exposure has been proven by clinical trial; however, the majority of users report that results are achieved much quicker, and that the tan is a more natural color, when Melanotan II is combined with a small amount of UV exposure.

Tanning should start after the third injection and occur 2-3 times per week if you wish to see tanning results quickly; otherwise one tanning session per week is sufficient to gradually build your tan
Melanotan Advice

If you are not seeing results then you need to increase the frequency of your outdoor or indoor UV exposure (especially if you are skin types 1 or 2). Never increase your recommended Melanotan II dose.

Tanning sessions should be short, 5-10 minutes in a sun bed or 30-40 minutes in the sun on a warm day is sufficient each time. DO NOT overexpose yourself to UV rays.

When starting out always use 30+ sunscreen on sensitive areas such as the face and neck. Because these areas are frequently exposed to UV rays they are more responsive to the melanin producing effects of Melanotan II and therefore will become darker quicker than the rest of the body. Covering these areas initially will allow other parts of the body to tan first, ensuring you achieve a well balanced tan.

Melanotan II and UV exposure complement each other, so if you spend a lot of time tanning you will need less frequent injections of Melanotan II to obtain and maintain your tan. If you don't spend much time in the sun or sun beds then you will need frequent dosages of Melanotan II to develop and keep your tan ..

Fair skinned folks who never tan, always burn in the sun, can achieve a natural tan when using Melanotan 2. For people with sun allergies these discoveries are life changing. The best defense against skin cancer is a natural tan developed over time. MT-2 was designed to reduce skin cancer rates and be effective as a sunless tanner.

Athletes and fitness enthusiasts use Melanotan for sunless tanning, Libido increase and and appetite suppression. MT-2 was dubbed the Barbie drug and has been highlighted in wired magazine. Synthetic melanocortin use helps attain a tan with the least amount of exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Fitzpatrick skin type: Skin type I and II, the lower of the skin types on the Fitzpatrick scale are the best candidates for Melanotan 2 who see the most dramatic results.

Treatment: Melanotan stimulates melanin effectively, in particular those with low skin types.


Shipping and Handling: Melanotan Peptides are durable and stable. Highlighted in study, the reconstituted MT-2 was shown to be stable at 37 degrees Celsius (98 degrees Fahrenheit) for at least 28 days. Shipping MT-2, even in summer months, is not a problem. Do not pay for cold shipping as it is not a premium. When receiving MT-2 it is recommended to store in the refrigerator.

Mixing: Add BW to the vial when you are ready to begin MT-2 research.

Remove plastic flip top from vial to expose rubber stopper. needle will pierce the stopper making way inside the vial to turn the white ****** into a clear liquid.

Calculator: Add 100 units (1ml) of water to the vial. 1ml/100 units will minimize the volume that you have to inject and will simplify the arithmetic in your MT-2 experiment. Dosing measurements are often mentioned in both milligram (mg) and microgram (mcg). Example: .5mg = 500mcg
Peptide Measurement

1ml syringe (U100), 1ml BW to reconstitute
Calculations for a desired 0.5mg dose:
Step 1= 1ml
Step 2= 10mg MT-II
Step 3= 1ml bac water
Step 4= 500mcg dose
2-3 ticks on your insulin pin (approximately 1/20th of a U100 syringe)

Some prefer to add more diluent which works fine, take note of the volume increase.

Needles: 29-31 gauge X 1/2", 1 CC (100 unit). That is a typical insulin needle used to mix as well as inject. Use needles one time only. Once your technique perfected, injections are almost painless.

Starting dose: Your first injection should be a very small dose, for example .25mg (250mcg). See how you react. Goal should be to feel nothing. Dose after dinner, before bed. Any dosing chart stating that you should take a high dose (according to your weight) is outdated and potentially dangerous.

Loading dose: Load with 0.5-1mg once a day. People who have used doses in this range generally report getting excellent results. Don’t worry if you miss occasional days. It will not make much difference, focus on the cumulative effects.

Maintenance dose: Maintenance is taking doses less frequently than daily to avoid becoming darker than you want. Yes, that will happen. With enough UVR, you will get much darker than you have even been before. A maintenance dose can help prolong super-physiological photo-protection MT-2 delivers.

UV Radiation: Melanotan is a poor sunless tanner. UV (from sun or a tanning bed) light is necessary to develop a tan. Without it, almost nothing happens. In other words, NO UV = NO TAN. Well, user will pigment depending on skin type.... If you have loaded for a full month and then start UV exposure, you (and your friends) will be astounded by how fast you tan and how dark you get. Moreover, it is advisable to keep areas of your skin that ordinarily get exposure covered up with a towel and/or zinc oxide (nose/lips/face) and let less exposed areas develop pigmentation first. Areas of skin that are typically sun-exposed in your day to day life will respond more readily to the effects of the Melanotan Peptides.

Fat Loss: The melanocortin (MC) system is a signaling pathway for leptin and insulin. The MC system is important for control of food intake and body weight. MT-2 treatment results in adipocyte lipolysis. MT-2 increases fatty acid oxidation(FAO) in which the MC5R plays a significant role. MT-2 improves insulin sensitivity through stimulating FAO in skeletal muscle tissue. Reduced food intake from the anorectic response of MT-2 is primarily responsible for weight loss.

Watch yourself: Your tan can sneak up on you. A tan generally sets in 3 days after UV rays. Dose and expose yourself gradually to UVR when tanning. Love your skin.

Avoid burning: You are protected from burning mostly by your tan, not the MT-2 peptide. Therefore, don’t overdo the rays at first. Start with only as much UV that you could tolerate without burring before you began Melanotan. It should not take many weeks before you can tolerate hours of strong sun without burning. Truly incredible for those who have never experienced freedom to enjoy the sun.

Continue your regular dosing protocol until you have reached your desired tan and do not want to become darker. Cut injection frequency to once every 2, 3, 4, or even 7 days. Experiment to find the frequency that gives the tan you want.

Storage: Store freeze dried and reconstituted (mixed) Peptides in the refrigerator.

Do you have to inject MT-II?
Yes. The best, most efficient method of administering Melanotan Peptides are subcutaneous (subq) injections. Nasal sprays are inconsistent and inefficient. No detectable levels were observed following oral dosing - pills do not work.

when you start supplementing (Melanotan II) to tan keep in mind that tanning is literally a side effect. The tanning response is, in reality, a physiological repair mechanism to instant UV damage of the skin cells (. Melanocyte stimulating hormone is not going to color your skin, it is going to make your own skin create its own tan and that in turn creates protection. If you are looking to be some bronzed beach God with perfectly uniform and specific color then you are better off to going to mystic tan. Redheads, for example, naturally produce a variant form of melanin that is yellowish-red . Do not expect a brown tan on a ginger body right away.

Know your skin type: Knowing your skin type is just one detail which will help create a public user log. There are 10s of thousands of Melanotan users worldwide who share the experience. Raise awareness and help others who want to hear success stories, complications and failures.
Am I a good candidate for MT-II?
Melanotan is best suited for the folks with skin types I & II. Prior sun damage, scars, tattoos, freckles, moles, hair color, etc are deciding factors prospective MT-2 users consider.

How should I dose MT-II?
Melanotan II dosage it is recommended to start out small and build up. A typical starting dose is around .25mg and max dose reaching 1mg. Desensitization happens quick, the first administration is an opportunity to dose low to avoid Melanotan 2 side effects. Same goes for Bremelanotide (PT-141) dosage unfortunately.

Melanotan Instructions: There is no magic pill or formula. Instructions do not exist for research Peptides. Few dermatologists are familiar with Melanotan. The skin is a large, unpredictable organ. Feel comfortable and confident with MT-II before use. Check out as many before and after photos and user logs as you can. A skin type I individual may have to commit months of dedication before dialing in their desired results, be patient and ask questions.

How much MT-II should I buy and how long will it last?
Skin type I: 30-50mg
Skin type II: 20-30mg
Skin type III: 10mg
Should last entire summer or season

How soon will I begin to see results from Melanotan II?
You should notice a change in your skin tone after three weeks. If you have freckles, expect them to get darker before your actual skin color changes.

How long will the tan last?
A tan developed using Melanotan 2 lasts much longer than an ordinary tan. A well-tanned person returning from a beach holiday will lose most of the tan in a month if they stop getting sun. But if they had been using Melanotan 2 and continued on maintenance after returning, they would still have most of their tan 3 months later.

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Tips for Melanotan 2 Success

Tips for Melanotan 2 Success

Things you should know:

Dose escalation. With Melanotan 2, a good starting point is .25 mg. The goal is to find the smallest effective dose possible while limiting side-effects. Everyone is different, not all suppliers are created equal.

Anti-histamines. Anti-histamine use can help reduce post injection nausea from MT-2. The anti-histamine reduces the probability of the body reacting that way to the introduction of the foreign compound. Claritin (Loratadine), Zyrtec (Cetirizine), Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) are appropriate.

Cover your eyes and face. Fair skinned MT-2 users particularly. As limited UV exposure is essential for a natural looking tan, experiment with your body first. Try and avoid exposing your face until your 2nd or 3rd Melanotan cycle. Many out there overexpose themselves leaving their faces looking extra dark. Purple lips, wrinkles and freckles are just some of the lovely characteristics misuse can bring. Your face is sensitive, protect it. Achieving a balanced tan is what most of us are after.

Ignore dosing charts. Rely on a common sense approach of dose escalation and experimentation. Charts which float around the net often have not kept up with the collective and advocate dangerously high dosages.

Read current guides. Find the best information from many sources. Misinformation, trends, fades, and propaganda run rampant in the marketplace. Successful how to guides often share many similar principles which are extremely helpful to pay attention to.

Rely on referrals. A seller who has stood the test of time and has referrals is likely looking out for you. A seller or area touting concerns about fillers, standards or origins often are misguided.

Log & support user logs. Creating or simply participating in user logs offers insight into the thought process of the MT-2 user. The market relies on the collective knowledge. Rare there are detailed instructions applicable to you and your specific objectives. Ask questions. You will be surprised how many tricks of the trade rise to the surface.

Weight-loss. Clinical data is on the rise. For now, many users believe MT-2 has fat loss/appetite suppression possibilities. Maximize fat loss when you use MT-2 on days or during time periods when you are fasting or in a caloric deficit.

Travel sized Peptides. Although reconstituted MT-2 lasts for months when refrigerated, peptides are perishable items and require a certain level of care. 10mg MT-2 has been the industry standard size. With the dosage charts on the decrease, dose escalation on the increase, 5mg MT-2 offers further efficacy. Rather take a 10mg or 5mg MT-2 on a 4 day vacation? What about a 2mg PT-141 for the weekend? These are some options to take note of. From experience I can tell you there is not much exciting about bringing a 10mg vial on a trip only to pitch 5-8mg of the product in the trash before the flight home.

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Melanotan II possess anti-inflammatory response

Melanotan II possess anti-inflammatory response

Melanocortin Melanotan II possess anti-inflammatory response
« on: November 16, 2010, 1011 AM »

In Vitro and In Vivo Induction of Heme Oxygenase 1 in Mouse Macrophages following Melanocortin Receptor Activation
Connie W. Lam, Stephen J. Getting and Mauro Perretti2

The William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London, Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom

Abstract
RAW264.7 cell incubation with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) led to a time-dependent (4–24 h) and concentration-related (1–100 ng/ml) induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and this was a specific effect, because the pattern of expression of other cellular proteins (HO-2, heat shock proteins 70 and 90) was not modified by ACTH. Combined RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed expression of the melanocortin receptor (MC-R) types 1 and 3, but not 4, in these cells. However, use of more selective agonists (including melanotan (MTII)) indicated a predominant role for MC3-R in the induction of HO-1 expression and activity. Relevantly, ACTH and MTII incubation with primary peritoneal macrophages (M{phi}) also induced HO-1 expression. The potential link between MC3-R dependent cAMP formation and HO-1 induction was ascertained by the following: 1) ACTH and MTII produced a concentration-dependent accumulation of cAMP in RAW264.7 cells, and 2) whereas a selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A abrogated ACTH- and MTII-induced HO-1 expression, a soluble cAMP derivative promoted HO-1 induction both in RAW264.7 cells and primary M{phi}. HO-1 induction in peritoneal M{phi} was also detected following in vivo administration of MTII, and appeared to be functionally related to the antimigratory effect of this melanocortin, as determined with a specific inhibitor (zinc protoporphyrin IX). In conclusion, this study highlights a biochemical link between MC-R activation and HO-1 induction in the M{phi}, and proposes that this may be of functional relevance in determining MC-R-dependent control of the host inflammatory response.

Introduction
Melanocortin peptides (e.g., {alpha}-melanocortin-stimulating hormone) have long been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects in many experimental models of acute and chronic inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (3), allergy (4), joint arthritis (5, 6), and systemic inflammation (endotoxemia) (7). Interestingly, recent trials with {alpha}-MSH have confirmed the positive indication for this compound in controlling human disease (Cool, thereby reinforcing the potential impact of this line of research. Because {alpha}-MSH represents the first 13 aa within the adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) sequence (39 aa in total) (9), it is important to recall the efficacy of the longer polypeptide in controlling rheumatoid arthritis (10).

At the molecular level, the effects of these anti-inflammatory hormones and synthetic derivatives on target cells are brought about by activation of a subgroup of G protein-coupled receptor, termed melanocortin receptors (MC-R). Five MC-Rs have been identified so far, and all of these receptors are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase such that their activation leads to increases in intracellular cAMP (9, 11). Following this early event of cAMP formation, and also perhaps partly independently from it, melanocortin peptides have been shown to down-regulate NF-{kappa}B activation and consequent cytokine synthesis (12, 13). The C terminus sequence (i.e., aa 11–13) of {alpha}-MSH outside the common core and modifications of it (14, 15) have been shown to block cytokine functions (1), rather than synthesis and release (16).

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism with consequent generation of biliverdin (then converted to bilirubin), free iron, and carbon monoxide. Three mammalian HO isoforms have been identified, one of which, HO-1, is a stress responsive protein endowed with important cytoprotective effects (for a recent review, see Ref.17). In addition, macrophage (M{phi}) HO-1 expression is part of the repairing processes that occur during resolving inflammation leading to healing and tissue repair (18). It is possible that at least some of the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of HO-1 are due to the controlled local liberation of carbon monoxide, able to signal through the cyclic GMP pathway (17) and inhibit cytokine synthesis (19). In addition, the other catabolite bilirubin is also endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, for instance, its application inhibits LPS-induced selectin expression in the vasculature, thus affecting leukocyte recruitment (20).

The present study was undertaken to assess a potential functional link between MC-R-dependent cAMP formation and HO-1 induction in M{phi}. Most of the experiments have been conducted with the RAW264.7 M{phi} cell line, both for data consistency and ease of manipulation (and reduction in animal sacrifice); however, crucial experiments have been repeated with primary M{phi}. Importantly, in vivo experimentation not only confirmed the biochemical link between MC-R activation and HO-1 induction, but also provided a functional relevance to this interaction. We conclude that MC3-R activation, and possibly activation of other MC-R subtype as well, can bring about anti-inflammatory effects mediated, at least in part, by HO-1 induction.

Discussion
This study demonstrates a previously unknown link between M{phi} MC3-R activation and induction of the anti-inflammatory enzyme HO-1. Activation of this receptor by MTII, and the less selective agonist ACTH, produces transient alterations in intracellular cAMP that are temporally related to HO-1 up-regulation in a PKA-dependent fashion. In vivo, the MC3-R/HO-1 connection is functionally operative in bringing about the antimigratory effect of a melanocortin peptide.

Since the initial studies with {alpha}-MSH (27), melanocortin peptides have been shown to represent an important component of the counterregulatory systems that operate in the host to dampen and control the inflammatory reaction. Several studies conducted in experimental animals with models of acute and subacute inflammation (1, 28), in some cases supported by human data (29), have shown how {alpha}-MSH and other melanocortin peptides are endowed with potent inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties (Cool. This field attracted much more interest once specific receptors were cloned and shown to mediate the actions of several melanocortins, including the naturally occurring ACTH and {alpha}-MSH, on different target cells. MC-R belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, and their activation leads to adenylate cyclase-mediated conversion of ATP into cAMP (9, 11). Thus, accumulation of cAMP in target cells buffers cell activation with a marked effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines (12, 13, 21). Therefore, targeting specific MC-R could certainly represent a novel strategy to develop innovative anti-inflammatory agents, as recently reviewed (30).

The similarity in mediated signaling events for the five MC-R can be problematic for drug development, impeding exploitation of specific postreceptor pathways: this aspect is made more acute by the absence of specific pharmacological tools to dissect the functions of each receptor. A few years ago, we started a project focusing on the resident M{phi}, reasoning that a certain degree of specificity could derive from narrowing down actions of a given target cell. Addition of ACTH, {alpha}-MSH, and the relatively more specific synthetic derivative MTII (31), to mouse peritoneal M{phi} inhibited the release of an array of cytokines and chemokines (21, 22). Comparison of the effects produced by agonists and antagonists, together with morphological analyses and study with mutated receptors, allowed us to pinpoint MC3-R as a major determinant for these inhibitory properties, at least at the level of the M{phi} (6).

MC3-R-mediated inhibition of cytokine synthesis and release from stimulated M{phi} in vitro occurs relatively rapid (≤2 h). In the present study, we set out to examine more delayed downstream events subsequent to MC3-R activation. RAW264.7 cells were used and initially validated for their expression of MC3-R message and protein. Confirming previous studies with monocytic cell lines (13, 32), RAW264.7 cells expressed MC1-R mRNA. However, we could not find the MC4-R mRNA, thus allowing us to use the mixed MC3/4-R agonist MTII (31) for most of the subsequent experiments. Because elevated cAMP levels have been associated with HO-1 induction in rat hepatocyte cultures (25), we monitored expression of this and other stress proteins in RAW264.7 cells following incubation with MTII or ACTH. Either peptide provoked a selective and marked up-regulation of HO-1 evident as early as 2–4 h postincubation: this effect was long lasting and fully evident even at the 24-h time point. In full agreement with the study on rat hepatocytes (25), MTII-mediated HO-1 induction was genuinely due to cAMP/PKA signaling, a fact that was confirmed also with primary M{phi} cultures. It is of interest that, during the preparation of this paper, a study showing ACTH induction of HO-1 in a mouse adrenocortical cell line was published (33). It therefore seems that activation of more than one MC-R (certainly MC3-R and MC2-R, the latter being selectively expressed in adrenal cells, and possibly all the other receptors) in target cells can lead to HO-1 up-regulation, thereby making this biochemical link a more general phenomenon. Subsequently, we investigated the potential functional consequences of this induction in experimental inflammatory settings.

In conclusion, this study indicates that HO-1 induction in M{phi} might be a major arm in the complex series of effects that are produced by melanocortin peptides acting at their MC-R. Our analyses on M{phi} function, in the present and previous studies, suggest that MC3-R is the major receptor determinant for transducing the anti-inflammatory actions of these peptides on M{phi}, although it is clear that we could also detect MC1-R in RAW264.7 cells, in analogy to Star et al. (32). However, irrespective of the specific MC-R, a more general picture is emerging in which MC-R activation on the M{phi} cell surface leads to cAMP formation and PKA activation. This signaling pathway produces at least two downstream events: inhibition of cytokine synthesis and release from stimulated M{phi} (in the presence of an inflammogen), which is evident within the first 2 h, and then up-regulation of HO-1 from ≥4 h post-MC-R activation. Importantly, the latter effect is achieved by the melanocortin peptide itself (i.e., in the absence of an inflammogen or M{phi} activator), suggesting that MC-R activation favors the acquisition of the anti-inflammatory proresolving phenotype by the M{phi} (a phenomenon originally described for glucocorticoids (40)). Fig. 8 schematizes this model of two hits, or anti-inflammatory mechanisms, activated by MC3-R agonists.

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Melanotan II erections

Melanotan II erections

One of the first things you will experience from Melanotan II injections are almost immediate erections. I believe this works faster than Cialis or Viagra.


Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study.

Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study.
Abstract

PURPOSE:

We evaluated the erectogenic properties of a new cyclic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, Melanotan-II, to treat men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Ten men with erectile dysfunction of no known organic cause were entered in a double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study in which the erectogenic properties of Melanotan-II and a vehicle placebo were compared using real-time RigiScan monitoring. The presence, duration and rigidity of erections were recorded during a 6-hour period.
RESULTS:

In 8 of 10 men treated with Melanotan-II clinically apparent erections developed. Mean duration of tip rigidity greater than 80% was 38.0 minutes with Melanotan-II and 3.0 with placebo (p=0.0045). Transient side effects of nausea, stretching and yawning, and decreased appetite were reported more frequently after injections of Melanotan-II than placebo but none required treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:

Melanotan-II is a potent initiator of erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction and has manageable side effects at a dose of 0.025 mg./kg.

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